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ABRASIVES :

An abrasive is a small, nonmetallic hard particle with sharp edges and an irregular shape. Unlike cutting tools, abrasives are capable of removing small amounts of material from a surface through a cutting process that produces tiny chips. They are commonly used in various applications such as grinding, sanding, honing, lapping, buffing, and polishing. Abrasives can be found in forms like grinding wheels, sandpaper, abrasive discs, belts, and stones. They are essential in achieving fine surface finishes, precise dimensional tolerances, and shaping hard materials in manufacturing and other industries.

Abrasive wheel grade and structure

  1. Grade: The grade of an abrasive wheel refers to the hardness or strength of the abrasive material used in the wheel. It indicates the ability of the wheel to retain its shape and withstand the forces generated during grinding or cutting operations. The grade is typically represented by a letter (such as A, B, C, etc.) or a number (such as 1, 2, 3, etc.), with higher values indicating harder grades.
  • Softer grade wheels (lower values) are more suitable for grinding or cutting softer materials as they provide better self-sharpening characteristics and allow for cooler cutting action. They are less likely to cause excessive heat build-up or damage the workpiece.
  • Harder grade wheels (higher values) are used for grinding or cutting harder materials as they offer better resistance to wear and longer wheel life. They are capable of removing more material but may generate higher heat during the process.
  1. Structure: The structure of an abrasive wheel refers to the density or spacing of the abrasive particles and the bond material that holds them together. It determines the porosity or openness of the wheel and affects factors like chip clearance, heat dissipation, and stock removal rate. The structure is commonly described as open, dense, or standard.
  • Open structure wheels have more spacing between the abrasive particles, allowing for better chip clearance and cooler cutting. They are suitable for grinding softer materials and for applications where heat build-up is a concern.
  • Dense structure wheels have closely packed abrasive particles, providing better support and stability. They are used for grinding harder materials and for precision applications where dimensional accuracy is important.
  • Standard structure wheels strike a balance between open and dense structures and are suitable for general-purpose grinding and cutting tasks.

Both grade and structure should be carefully selected based on the material being worked on, the desired finish, and the specific requirements of the grinding or cutting operation to ensure optimal performance and safety.

VARIETIES OF ABRASIVES

Abrasives are materials, often minerals, used for shaping or finishing workpieces through the process of rubbing, which leads to the gradual removal of material by friction. Finishing typically involves achieving a smooth and reflective surface, but it can also involve creating rougher finishes like satin, matte, or beaded textures. In essence, ceramics used to cut, grind, and polish softer materials are referred to as abrasives.

Abrasive materials consist of hard crystals that can occur naturally or be manufactured. The most commonly utilized materials include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. There are also other materials such as garnet, zirconium, glass, and even walnut shells used for specialized applications.

There are two main types of abrasives: NATURAL and MANUFACTURED.

Important natural abrasives like emery, corundum, and diamond are primarily used in specific types of grinding wheels and honing stones. Manufactured or synthetic abrasives are now considered to be superior and just as effective as natural abrasives. Examples of manufactured abrasives include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, and titanium carbide. Aluminum oxide is mainly used for grinding carbide tools and non-ferrous metals. Approximately 40 percent of a grinding wheel consists of abrasive material.

Abrasives can be classified as bonded or coated. Bonded abrasives are attached to a matrix known as a binder, which is typically made of clay, rubber, resin, or glass. On the other hand, coated abrasives are affixed to a backing material such as cloth, paper, resin, rubber, polyester, or even metal. An example of a coated abrasive is sandpaper, where the abrasive particles are applied to paper that can be held by hand. The pressure and speed of hand movement can be adjusted to control the smoothing strength of the sandpaper. Abrasives play a vital role in various industries, as they enable the production of finely crafted furniture and the construction of complex buildings.

APPLICATIONS OF ABRASIVES:

The applications of abrasives generally fall into the following categories:

  1. Surface cleaning and removal of excess material, such as rough off-hand grinding in foundries.

  2. Shaping, including grinding and tool sharpening.

  3. Sizing, primarily in precision grinding.

  4. Separating, as in cut-off or slicing operations.

Over the past century, manufactured abrasives like silicon carbide and aluminum oxide have largely replaced natural abrasives. Synthetic diamonds have also largely replaced natural diamonds. The success of manufactured abrasives stems from their superior and controllable properties, as well as their consistent uniformity.

Both silicon carbide and aluminum oxide abrasives are extremely hard and brittle, which enables them to form sharp edges. These sharp edges facilitate the penetration of the work material and reduce the heat generated during abrasion. Such abrasives are suitable for precision grinding and finishing. Tougher abrasives, which resist fracture and have greater longevity, are used for rough grinding.

USES OF ABRASIVES:

Industries employ abrasives in three primary forms:

  1. Bonded forms, where abrasives are combined to create solid tools like grinding wheels, cylinders, rings, cups, segments, or sticks.

  2. Coated forms, where abrasives are applied to backings made of paper or cloth, resulting in sheets (such as sandpaper), strips, or belts.

  3. Loose forms, where abrasives are held in a liquid or solid carrier for tasks like polishing or tumbling, or propelled by air or water pressure against a work surface (such as sandblasting for buildings).

Abrasion typically occurs when a surface is scratched. As a general rule, a substance can only be seriously scratched by a material that is harder than itself. This principle forms the basis for the Mohs scale of hardness, which ranks materials based on their ability to scratch materials of lower hardness. Abrasives are typically refractory materials with hardness values ranging from 6 to 10 on the Mohs scale. They are used to reduce, smooth, clean, or polish surfaces of less hard substances like metal, glass, plastic, stone, or wood. During abrasion, abrasive particles initially penetrate the abraded material and then cause the removal of particles from the surface. The ease with which abrasive particles dig into the surface depends on the hardness of the abraded material, while the ease of tearing off the deformed surface depends on the strength and, in some cases, the toughness of the material. Hardness is usually the most important factor determining a material's resistance to abrasion, as when two surfaces move against each other, the peaks of microscopic irregularities must shift, increase in hardness, or break. If local stresses are high enough, a tiny volume of the abraded material will fail, resulting in the detachment of a small particle. This type of abrasion occurs regardless of whether the contact between the surfaces is due to sliding, rolling, or impact. Some forms of abrasion involve little or no impact, while in others, the energy of the impact plays a crucial role in determining the abrasive's effectiveness. Brittle materials, for example, tend to shatter upon impact, and their abrasion may resemble erosion more than fracture.



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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SC-51, Cylinder w/ Radius - 1/8 Shank | Part #23205
PFERD abrasive Bur: SC-51, Cylinder w/ Radius - 1/8 Shank | Part #23205"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SC-51, Cylinder with Radius | PFERD abrasive Bur: SC-51, Cylinder with Radius - 1/8 Shank" Part # | 23205 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
Tags: - .

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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SD-3, Ball - 1/4 Shank | Part #24569
PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-3, Ball - 1/4 Shank | Part #24569"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SD-3, Ball | PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-3, Ball - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 24569 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
Tags: - .

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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SG-5, Tree w/ Pointed End - 1/4 Shank | Part #25655
PFERD abrasive Bur: SG-5, Tree w/ Pointed End - 1/4 Shank | Part #25655"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SG-5, Tree with Pointed End | PFERD abrasive Bur: SG-5, Tree with Pointed End - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 25655 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SG-3, Tree w/ Pointed End - 1/4 Shank | Part #25654
PFERD abrasive Bur: SG-3, Tree w/ Pointed End - 1/4 Shank | Part #25654"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SG-3, Tree with Pointed End | PFERD abrasive Bur: SG-3, Tree with Pointed End - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 25654 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
Tags: - .

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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SC-3L6, Cylinder w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #25641
PFERD abrasive Bur: SC-3L6, Cylinder w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #25641"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SC-3L6, Cylinder with Radius | PFERD abrasive Bur: SC-3L6, Cylinder with Radius - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 25641 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SD-51, Ball - 1/8 Shank | Part #23257
PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-51, Ball - 1/8 Shank | Part #23257"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SD-51, Ball | PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-51, Ball - 1/8 Shank" Part # | 23257 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
Tags: - .

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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SA-5, Cylinder - 1/4 Shank | Part #24109
PFERD abrasive Bur: SA-5, Cylinder - 1/4 Shank | Part #24109"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SA-5, Cylinder | PFERD abrasive Bur: SA-5, Cylinder - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 24109 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SA-6, Cylinder - 1/4 Shank | Part #24118
PFERD abrasive Bur: SA-6, Cylinder - 1/4 Shank | Part #24118"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SA-6, Cylinder | PFERD abrasive Bur: SA-6, Cylinder - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 24118 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SD-42, Ball - 1/8 Shank | Part #23245
PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-42, Ball - 1/8 Shank | Part #23245"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SD-42, Ball | PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-42, Ball - 1/8 Shank" Part # | 23245 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
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PFERD Abrasive Bur: SD-6, Ball - 1/4 Shank | Part #24595
PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-6, Ball - 1/4 Shank | Part #24595"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SD-6, Ball | PFERD abrasive Bur: SD-6, Ball - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 24595 | .
Manufacturer : PFERD
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3M Scotch-Brite Roloc Disc SC-DR 4 Diameter TR Aluminum Oxide VFN Grit - Pkg Qty 25
3M Scotch-Brite Roloc Disc SC-DR 4 Diameter TR Aluminum Oxide VFN Grit - Pkg Qty 25"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .The open-web fiber runs cool and resists loading while the abrasives provide a high cut-rate to give you consistent finishing. The 3M Roloc attachment system offers quick and easy disc change-out, making the Scotch-Brite Roloc Surface Conditioning Disc ideal for a range of tasks including blending, deburring, and finishing. The Scotch-Brite Roloc SC Surface Conditioning Disc is available with a choice of silicon carbide or aluminum oxide abrasive mineral. Silicon carbide is a synthetic mineral that is very sharp and commonly used for low-pressure applications such as paint prep and finishing. Aluminum oxide is a hard, blocky mineral that provides high cut-rate and long life. While silicon carbide breaks down faster than aluminum oxide, it produces a finer finish. 3M Roloc quick change discs are smaller discs that easily and quickly attach onto a Roloc disc pad (sold separately) so that you can conveniently change discs from job to job or in multi-step finishing processes. The 3M Roloc Quick Change Attachment System provides a secure attachment even for heavy-duty applications, and the variety of available Roloc discs allows swapping from one application to the next in seconds. Each disc is also color-coded to identify its grade, making it easy to grab the grade required for different applications. Scotch-Brite surface conditioning products have been developed by 3M with abrasives incorporated into non-woven nylon or synthetic fibers. Combining abrasives with the fibers creates an abrasive system that delivers consistent results for the life of the product. The open-web material runs cool, reducing the risk of part discoloration and warping. The fibers are load resistant and keep the abrasive minerals cutting at high performance by limiting clogging of the fibers, which also extends the life of the disc. Applications are Blending, Cleaning, Contour Finishing, Deburring, Finishing, Light Grinding, Rust
Manufacturer : 3M CO - STOCK SHIPMENTS ONLY
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Quantum Millenia Shelving Unit 48W X 18
Quantum Millenia Shelving Unit 48W X 18"D X 50"H, 5 Solid Shelves"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Quantum Millenia Shelving is extremely versatile and suitable for wet, humid, and/or dry environments. Can be used in industries and applications such as food service, healthcare, supermarkets, walk-in coolers, and many more. Quantum Millenia Shelving guaranties a premium storage option. The system combines easy clean and cost-efficient technologies, multi-functional design and lifetime limited warranty against rust and corrosion. Its polymer composition makes it resistant to abrasive chemicals and salt water. Features: 48W X 18"D X 50"H 2000 Lbs. Load Capacity Includes: (5) Solid Shelves With Removable Shelf Mats And (4) Posts All Polymer Rust Proof Gray Finish NSF Made In USA" Part # 651588225387 | QP184850SS-5 | .
Manufacturer : QUANTUM STORAGE SYS-4612
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Allegro 6990 Deluxe Quick Flex w/ Buckle Knee Pads, 1-Pair
Allegro 6990 Deluxe Quick Flex w/ Buckle Knee Pads, 1-Pair
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Offering the most protection available, our Deluxe QuickFlex is a completely unique knee pad. The large, 3/4 thick pad has a hinge design that provides protection and ease of movement above and below the cap, and a wrap-around design for greater side protection. The large poly cap conforms to the shape of the knee for maximum protection. The double strap system uses 1 1/2" straps with deluxe quick release buckles, and allows for easy adjustment and a snug fit while ensuring greater stability and side protection. Perfect for kneeling on rough abrasive surfaces." Part # | 6990 | .
Manufacturer : ALLEGRO INDUSTRIES
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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United Abrasives - Sait 56080 2A Fiber Disc 4 x 5/8
United abrasives - Sait 56080 2A Fiber Disc 4 x 5/8" 80 Grit Aluminum Oxide - Pkg Qty 100"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .United abrasives - Sait 50157 2A Fiber Disc 4 x 5/8" 80 Grit Aluminum Oxide Aluminum oxide grain, general purpose. Closed coat structure for more material removal and better finishing. Resin over resin construction for a strong bond that is resistant to heat and moisture. Vulcanized fiber backing for heavy duty sanding. - Pkg Qty 100" Part # 699053560809 | 56080 | .
Manufacturer : UNITED ABRASIVES, INC
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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United Abrasives - Sait 28000 Bench Wheel Vitrified 6 x 3/4
United abrasives - Sait 28000 Bench Wheel Vitrified 6 x 3/4" x 1" 36 Grit Aluminum Oxide"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Vitrified bench wheel, aluminum oxide grain. General purpose, for sharpening tools and light stock removal. Vitrified bond for long life Part # 699053280004 | 28000 | .
Manufacturer : UNITED ABRASIVES, INC
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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CGW Abrasives 72083 Unitzed Economy Fiberglass Disc 4-1/2 x 5/8-11
CGW abrasives 72083 Unitzed Economy Fiberglass Disc 4-1/2 x 5/8-11" Fine Silicon Carbide - Pkg Qty 10"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Light pressure for fine finishing and polishing; run at slower speeds for fine finish. For working on flat grinding surfaces. Most efficient when used between 0-15 angle. The best choice for smooth finishing. - Pkg Qty 10 Part # 655332720838 | 72083 | .
Manufacturer : CGW CAMEL GRINDING WHEELS INC.
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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ALC 40412 Dust Collector, Steel
ALC 40412 Dust Collector, Steel
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Heavy duty steel drum design; 50 Micron filter bag system; 2-1/4 x 6’ dust collector hose; Powerful 112 CFM motor, 120 volt, 1.3 horsepower; Fully enclosed motor housing; Locking clamp design securely holds drums together; Two piece design means quick access to dust collector and filter maintenance; Recommended for use with ALC steel abrasive blast cabinets; Can be adapted to work on most abrasive blast cabinets with 2-1/4" connection; 80 to 85 dba noise level; 21,000 to 26,000 rpm or 350hz to 433hz operating speed; 60hz Line frequency" Part # 746340037046 | 40412 | .
Manufacturer : S AND H INDUSTRIES
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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3M Stikit Film Disc Roll 360L 6 X NH Aluminum Oxide P800 125 discs per roll - Pkg Qty 4
3M Stikit Film Disc Roll 360L 6 X NH Aluminum Oxide P800 125 discs per roll - Pkg Qty 4"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .3M 60600110724 Stikit Film Disc Roll 360L 6 X NH Alum. Oxide P800 125 discs per roll Applications are AOEM Finish Prep/Repair, Defect Repair/Leveling, Orbital Sanding, Prepping Metal Prior to Paint Cabinetry, Custom Woodworking and Millwork, Furniture, Primary Wood and Panel Processing. Industries Include Cabinetry, Custom Woodworking and Millwork, Furniture, Primary Wood and Panel Processing. 3M Stikit Film Disc Roll 360L are constructed of aluminum oxide abrasive grain on a film backing and work well for fine sanding on plastics, gel coats, and polyurethane solid surface substrates. - Pkg Qty 4" Part # 00051135140031 | 7000120264 | .
Manufacturer : 3M CO - STOCK SHIPMENTS ONLY
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Grit Heavy Duty Anti-Slip Tape - Black - 1W
Grit Heavy Duty Anti-Slip Tape - Black - 1W"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .HEAVY DUTY GRIT ANTI-SLIP TAPES Heavy Duty Anti Slip - Black 1 x 60’ Grit tapes create a high-traction surface to prevent slips and falls. abrasive grain coated plastic film provides extra durability. Pressure-sensitive adhesive backing allows tape to be placed almost anywhere. Sold by 1 roll." Part # 00717364320100 | AGHD160 | .
Manufacturer : NATIONAL MARKER COMPANY.
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Norton 66261131621 Paper Sheet 9 x 11
Norton 66261131621 Paper Sheet 9 x 11" P800 Grit Aluminum Oxide - Pkg Qty 100"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Paper sheets and rolls are engineered for optimum performance when sanding metal, wood, composites and painted surfaces. The sheets are packed in protective packaging to eliminate waste and permit easy, neat storage. Premium A/O abrasive for consistent finish, exceptional performance on all surfaces. Non-pigmented, Best resistance to clogging and loading. Applications are: Light-duty metal sanding, primer sanding, defect removal from painted surfaces, filler sanding, sanding and finishing of composites and fiberglass, bare wood sanding, sanding between sealer coats - Pkg Qty 100 Part # 662611316217 | 66261131621 | .
Manufacturer : SAINT GOBAIN ABRASIVES
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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