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ABRASIVES :

An abrasive is a small, nonmetallic hard particle with sharp edges and an irregular shape. Unlike cutting tools, abrasives are capable of removing small amounts of material from a surface through a cutting process that produces tiny chips. They are commonly used in various applications such as grinding, sanding, honing, lapping, buffing, and polishing. Abrasives can be found in forms like grinding wheels, sandpaper, abrasive discs, belts, and stones. They are essential in achieving fine surface finishes, precise dimensional tolerances, and shaping hard materials in manufacturing and other industries.

Abrasive wheel grade and structure

  1. Grade: The grade of an abrasive wheel refers to the hardness or strength of the abrasive material used in the wheel. It indicates the ability of the wheel to retain its shape and withstand the forces generated during grinding or cutting operations. The grade is typically represented by a letter (such as A, B, C, etc.) or a number (such as 1, 2, 3, etc.), with higher values indicating harder grades.
  • Softer grade wheels (lower values) are more suitable for grinding or cutting softer materials as they provide better self-sharpening characteristics and allow for cooler cutting action. They are less likely to cause excessive heat build-up or damage the workpiece.
  • Harder grade wheels (higher values) are used for grinding or cutting harder materials as they offer better resistance to wear and longer wheel life. They are capable of removing more material but may generate higher heat during the process.
  1. Structure: The structure of an abrasive wheel refers to the density or spacing of the abrasive particles and the bond material that holds them together. It determines the porosity or openness of the wheel and affects factors like chip clearance, heat dissipation, and stock removal rate. The structure is commonly described as open, dense, or standard.
  • Open structure wheels have more spacing between the abrasive particles, allowing for better chip clearance and cooler cutting. They are suitable for grinding softer materials and for applications where heat build-up is a concern.
  • Dense structure wheels have closely packed abrasive particles, providing better support and stability. They are used for grinding harder materials and for precision applications where dimensional accuracy is important.
  • Standard structure wheels strike a balance between open and dense structures and are suitable for general-purpose grinding and cutting tasks.

Both grade and structure should be carefully selected based on the material being worked on, the desired finish, and the specific requirements of the grinding or cutting operation to ensure optimal performance and safety.

VARIETIES OF ABRASIVES

Abrasives are materials, often minerals, used for shaping or finishing workpieces through the process of rubbing, which leads to the gradual removal of material by friction. Finishing typically involves achieving a smooth and reflective surface, but it can also involve creating rougher finishes like satin, matte, or beaded textures. In essence, ceramics used to cut, grind, and polish softer materials are referred to as abrasives.

Abrasive materials consist of hard crystals that can occur naturally or be manufactured. The most commonly utilized materials include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. There are also other materials such as garnet, zirconium, glass, and even walnut shells used for specialized applications.

There are two main types of abrasives: NATURAL and MANUFACTURED.

Important natural abrasives like emery, corundum, and diamond are primarily used in specific types of grinding wheels and honing stones. Manufactured or synthetic abrasives are now considered to be superior and just as effective as natural abrasives. Examples of manufactured abrasives include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, and titanium carbide. Aluminum oxide is mainly used for grinding carbide tools and non-ferrous metals. Approximately 40 percent of a grinding wheel consists of abrasive material.

Abrasives can be classified as bonded or coated. Bonded abrasives are attached to a matrix known as a binder, which is typically made of clay, rubber, resin, or glass. On the other hand, coated abrasives are affixed to a backing material such as cloth, paper, resin, rubber, polyester, or even metal. An example of a coated abrasive is sandpaper, where the abrasive particles are applied to paper that can be held by hand. The pressure and speed of hand movement can be adjusted to control the smoothing strength of the sandpaper. Abrasives play a vital role in various industries, as they enable the production of finely crafted furniture and the construction of complex buildings.

APPLICATIONS OF ABRASIVES:

The applications of abrasives generally fall into the following categories:

  1. Surface cleaning and removal of excess material, such as rough off-hand grinding in foundries.

  2. Shaping, including grinding and tool sharpening.

  3. Sizing, primarily in precision grinding.

  4. Separating, as in cut-off or slicing operations.

Over the past century, manufactured abrasives like silicon carbide and aluminum oxide have largely replaced natural abrasives. Synthetic diamonds have also largely replaced natural diamonds. The success of manufactured abrasives stems from their superior and controllable properties, as well as their consistent uniformity.

Both silicon carbide and aluminum oxide abrasives are extremely hard and brittle, which enables them to form sharp edges. These sharp edges facilitate the penetration of the work material and reduce the heat generated during abrasion. Such abrasives are suitable for precision grinding and finishing. Tougher abrasives, which resist fracture and have greater longevity, are used for rough grinding.

USES OF ABRASIVES:

Industries employ abrasives in three primary forms:

  1. Bonded forms, where abrasives are combined to create solid tools like grinding wheels, cylinders, rings, cups, segments, or sticks.

  2. Coated forms, where abrasives are applied to backings made of paper or cloth, resulting in sheets (such as sandpaper), strips, or belts.

  3. Loose forms, where abrasives are held in a liquid or solid carrier for tasks like polishing or tumbling, or propelled by air or water pressure against a work surface (such as sandblasting for buildings).

Abrasion typically occurs when a surface is scratched. As a general rule, a substance can only be seriously scratched by a material that is harder than itself. This principle forms the basis for the Mohs scale of hardness, which ranks materials based on their ability to scratch materials of lower hardness. Abrasives are typically refractory materials with hardness values ranging from 6 to 10 on the Mohs scale. They are used to reduce, smooth, clean, or polish surfaces of less hard substances like metal, glass, plastic, stone, or wood. During abrasion, abrasive particles initially penetrate the abraded material and then cause the removal of particles from the surface. The ease with which abrasive particles dig into the surface depends on the hardness of the abraded material, while the ease of tearing off the deformed surface depends on the strength and, in some cases, the toughness of the material. Hardness is usually the most important factor determining a material's resistance to abrasion, as when two surfaces move against each other, the peaks of microscopic irregularities must shift, increase in hardness, or break. If local stresses are high enough, a tiny volume of the abraded material will fail, resulting in the detachment of a small particle. This type of abrasion occurs regardless of whether the contact between the surfaces is due to sliding, rolling, or impact. Some forms of abrasion involve little or no impact, while in others, the energy of the impact plays a crucial role in determining the abrasive's effectiveness. Brittle materials, for example, tend to shatter upon impact, and their abrasion may resemble erosion more than fracture.



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MCR Safety | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & Abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size L, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
MCR Safety | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size L, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
2047 | Business & Industrial > Work Safety Protect
MSC Product Feed
Description : .Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size L, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size L, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6 Part # 30451433204939 | 3204KL | .
Manufacturer : MCR Safety
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Memphis® Cut, Puncture & Abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size M, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size M, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
2047 | Business & Industrial > Work Safety Protect
MSC Product Feed
Description : .Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size M, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size M, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6 Part # | 3204KM | .
Manufacturer : Memphis
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MCR Safety | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & Abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size S, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
MCR Safety | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size S, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
2047 | Business & Industrial > Work Safety Protect
MSC Product Feed
Description : .Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size S, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size S, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6 Part # 10451433204799 | 3204KS | .
Manufacturer : MCR Safety
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MCR Safety | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & Abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size XL, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
MCR Safety | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size XL, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6
2047 | Business & Industrial > Work Safety Protect
MSC Product Feed
Description : .Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size XL, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide | Memphis® Cut, Puncture & abrasive-Resistant Gloves: Size XL, ANSI Cut 3, ANSI Puncture 4, Cowhide - Cream, Kevlar Lined, ANSI Abrasion 6 Part # 30451433204625 | 3204KXL | .
Manufacturer : MCR Safety
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Superior Abrasives | Shur-Kut® Shop Roll: 1 Wide, 50 Yd Long, 400 Grit, Aluminum Oxide - J Weight, Cloth Backing | Part #12116
Superior abrasives | Shur-Kut® Shop Roll: 1 Wide, 50 Yd Long, 400 Grit, Aluminum Oxide - J Weight, Cloth Backing | Part #12116"
2212 | Hardware > Building Consumables > Hardware
MSC Product Feed
Description : .Shop Roll: 1 Wide, 50 Yd Long, 400 Grit, Aluminum Oxide | Shur-Kut® Shop Roll: 1" Wide, 50 Yd Long, 400 Grit, Aluminum Oxide - J Weight, Cloth Backing" Part # | 12116 | .
Manufacturer : Superior Abrasives
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M.A. Ford® Abrasive Bur: SF-7, Tree w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #45750130
M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SF-7, Tree w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #45750130"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SF-7, Tree with Radius | M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SF-7, Tree with Radius - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 45750130 | .
Manufacturer : M.A. Ford
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M.A. Ford® Abrasive Bur: SD-4, Ball - 1/4 Shank | Part #43437530
M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SD-4, Ball - 1/4 Shank | Part #43437530"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SD-4, Ball | M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SD-4, Ball - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 43437530 | .
Manufacturer : M.A. Ford
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M.A. Ford® Abrasive Bur: SC-13, Cylinder w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #42156230
M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SC-13, Cylinder w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #42156230"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SC-13, Cylinder with Radius | M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SC-13, Cylinder with Radius - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 42156230 | .
Manufacturer : M.A. Ford
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M.A. Ford® Abrasive Bur: SF-11, Tree w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #45125030
M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SF-11, Tree w/ Radius - 1/4 Shank | Part #45125030"
6939 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Abrasive Blas
MSC Product Feed
Description : .abrasive Bur: SF-11, Tree with Radius | M.A. Ford® abrasive Bur: SF-11, Tree with Radius - 1/4 Shank" Part # | 45125030 | .
Manufacturer : M.A. Ford
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Made in USA | Grier Abrasives Mounted Point: 3/4 Thick, 1/8
Made in USA | Grier abrasives Mounted Point: 3/4 Thick, 1/8" Shank Dia, B52, 120 Grit, Fine - Tan, Aluminum Oxide, 1-1/2" Shank Length | Part"
499860 | Hardware > Tool Accessories > Grinder Acc
MSC Product Feed
Description : .Mounted Point: 3/4 Thick, 1/8" Shank Dia, B52, 120 Grit, Fine | Grier abrasives Mounted Point: 3/4" Thick, 1/8" Shank Dia, B52, 120 Grit, Fine - Tan, Aluminum Oxide, 1-1/2" Shank Length" Part # | B52-X-19412 | .
Manufacturer : Made in USA
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CGW Abrasives 41701 Abrasive Flap Disc 4-1/2 x 7/8
CGW abrasives 41701 abrasive Flap Disc 4-1/2 x 7/8" 36 Grit Zirconia - Pkg Qty 10"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Zirconia grain with a poly/cotton heat treated backing. For steel and stainless steel. - Pkg Qty 10 Part # 655332417011 | 41701 | .
Manufacturer : CGW CAMEL GRINDING WHEELS INC.
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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3M Scotch-Brite Clean and Finish Disc 6 x 1/2
3M Scotch-Brite Clean and Finish Disc 6 x 1/2" VFN Grit Aluminum Oxide - Pkg Qty 100"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Scotch-Brite Clean and Finish Discs combine conformable material and abrasive mineral to effectively blend, clean, and polish surfaces on a wide variety materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, plastics, wood, and fiberglass; producing a clean, consistent finish without undercutting or damaging the base material. Our Scotch-Brite Clean and Finish Disc gets into hard-to-reach areas and also work well for finishing, paint preparation, surface blending, and scuffing applications and also works well for contour finishing and lacquer sanding. These discs are flexible, making them effective for getting into hard-to-reach areas and producing uniform finishes. The abrasive mineral effectively blends, finishes, and polishes metals, composites, and advanced surfaces and is an effective abrasive tool for paint prep, scuffing, and light corrosion removal. The disc runs cool and resists loading to continuously provide consistent conditioning properties throughout the life of the product. We manufacture Scotch-Brite Clean and Finish Discs with silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, or talc abrasive mineral. Silicon carbide is a synthetic mineral that is very sharp and commonly used for low-pressure applications such as paint prep and finishing. Aluminum oxide is a hard, blocky mineral that provides high cut-rate and long life. While silicon carbide breaks down faster than aluminum oxide, it produces a finer finish. Talc is a mild abrasive that can be used achieve a satin finish or with polish to create a high gloss finish in topcoat rubbing applications. Scotch-Brite industrial abrasives are unique surface conditioning products with abrasives incorporated into non-woven nylon or synthetic fibers. Combining abrasives with the fibers creates an abrasive system that delivers consistent results for the life of the product. The open-web material runs cool and is load resistant, which keeps the abr
Manufacturer : 3M CO - STOCK SHIPMENTS ONLY
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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VSM Abrasive Belt, 2099, Aluminum Oxide, 25 X 48
VSM abrasive Belt, 2099, Aluminum Oxide, 25 X 48", 180 Grit - Pkg Qty 2"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .VSM abrasive Belt, 2099, Aluminum Oxide, 25 X 48", 180 Grit - Pkg Qty 2" Part # | 2099 | .
Manufacturer : VSM ABRASIVES.
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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United Abrasives - Sait 52893 3A Fiber Disc 4-1/2 x 7/8
United abrasives - Sait 52893 3A Fiber Disc 4-1/2 x 7/8" 80 Grit Aluminum Oxide - Pkg Qty 100"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .United abrasives - Sait 50162 3A Fiber Disc 4-1/2 x 7/8" 80 Grit Aluminum Oxide Premium aluminum oxide grain with grinding aid. Special aluminum oxide grain to reduce heat build up and reduce loading. Closed coat structure for more material removal and better finishing. Resin over resin construction for a strong bond that is resistant to heat and moisture. Vulcanized fiber backing for heavy duty sanding. - Pkg Qty 100" Part # 699053528939 | 52893 | .
Manufacturer : UNITED ABRASIVES, INC
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Onguard Men’s Boot, 16 Goliath Black Steel Toe W/Power Lug Outsole,  PVC, Size 12
Onguard Men’s Boot, 16 Goliath Black Steel Toe W/Power Lug Outsole, PVC, Size 12"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Onguard Men’s Boot, 16 Goliath Black Steel Toe W/Power Lug Outsole , PVC, Size 12 Features 100% waterproofPolyblend compoundSteel toe style complies with ASTM F2413-05Superior resistance to animal fats (especially poultry)Acids oilsGreases and chemicalsHigh abrasive wearRemovable insoleSteel shank for firm arch support Product is priced per each and sold per package. 6 Units Per Package." Part # 791079150658 | 896821200 | .
Manufacturer : DUNLOP INDUSTRIAL & PROTECTIVE FOOTWEAR INC
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Dandux Tote Box without Lid 50P2116040 - 21-5/8 x 16-5/8 x 4
Dandux Tote Box without Lid 50P2116040 - 21-5/8 x 16-5/8 x 4
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .NESTING TOTE BOX Superior, efficient material handling box. Virtually indestructible...will not rust, chip, flake or corrode. Non-toxic and non-abrasive polyethylene resists most acids and solvents. Part # | 50P2116040 | .
Manufacturer : CR DANIELS DANDUX - MD
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Quantum Millenia Shelving Unit 48W X 18
Quantum Millenia Shelving Unit 48W X 18"D X 74"H, 4 Open Grid Shelves"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Quantum Millenia Shelving is extremely versatile and suitable for wet, humid, and/or dry environments. Can be used in industries and applications such as food service, healthcare, supermarkets, walk-in coolers, and many more. Quantum Millenia Shelving guaranties a premium storage option. The system combines easy clean and cost-efficient technologies, multi-functional design and lifetime limited warranty against rust and corrosion. Its polymer composition makes it resistant to abrasive chemicals and salt water. Features: 48W X 18"D X 74"H 2000 Lbs. Load Capacity Includes: (4) Open Grid Shelves With Removable Shelf Mats And (4) Posts All Polymer Rust Proof Gray Finish NSF Made In USA" Part # 651588212103 | QP184874VS-4 | .
Manufacturer : QUANTUM STORAGE SYS-4612
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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VSM Abrasive Belt, 289978, Ceramic, 4 X 36
VSM abrasive Belt, 289978, Ceramic, 4 X 36", 120 Grit - Pkg Qty 10"
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .VSM abrasive Belt, 289978, Ceramic, 4 X 36", 120 Grit - Pkg Qty 10" Part # | 289978 | .
Manufacturer : VSM ABRASIVES.
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Cleveland HD-2B-TC HSS 2-Flute TiCN Ball Nose Double End Mill, 3/4 x 3/4
Cleveland HD-2B-TC HSS 2-Flute TiCN Ball Nose Double End Mill, 3/4 x 3/4" x 1-5/16" x 5-5/8""
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .2 flutes allow for maximum chip ejection. Ball nose for milling radius bottom slots, fillets and special contours. Center cutting for use in milling slots, pockets and for plunge cutting. Double end reduces tool costs and down time. Manufactured from premium high-speed steel. TiCN (Titanium Carbonitride) coating increases cutting surface hardness, making the tool highly resistant to abrasive wear, increase lubricity and prevents galling, used for very aggressive machining of stainless steel and non-ferrous materials. TiCN coating provides increase speeds of 35 to 50% in machining speeds versus Manufactured from premium high-speed steel. Bright, uncoated tools. For milling in carbon steel, alloy steel, die steel, stainless steel and cast iron. This end mill has a helix angle of 30 and a shank length of 4-5/16. Made In USA. Use for General Purpose Application. Shank is Straight w/ Weldon Flat. 30 Day Warranty." Part # 697334391715 | C39171 | .
Manufacturer : GREENFIELD INDUSTRIES INC.
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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Superior Abrasives 11890 Cartridge Roll 1/2 x 1.5 x 1/8 Aluminum Oxide Medium - Pkg Qty 100
Superior abrasives 11890 Cartridge Roll 1/2 x 1.5 x 1/8 Aluminum Oxide Medium - Pkg Qty 100
111 | Business & Industrial
Global Industrial
Description : .Coated abrasives Cartridge Roll StraightAluminum Oxide1/2 Diameter1.5" Length1/8" Center HoleX-WeightGrit 80 - Pkg Qty 100" Part # | 11890 | .
Manufacturer : SUPERIOR ABRASIVES, LLC
Tags: - Global Industrial is among the leaders in the industrial supply industry.

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