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ALKALINE

Alkaline refers to a chemical substance or solution that has a basic or high pH level. It is the opposite of acidic. Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a substance to neutralize acids. Alkaline substances typically have a pH value greater than 7 on the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are alkaline.

Alkaline substances are commonly found in everyday life. For example, alkaline batteries, also known as alkaline cells, use an alkaline electrolyte to produce electrical energy. These batteries are commonly used in devices such as flashlights, remote controls, and electronic toys. Alkaline water is another example, which is water that has been treated to have a higher pH level, often claimed to have health benefits.

In terms of chemistry, alkaline substances often contain alkaline earth metals or alkali metals, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, or potassium. These substances can react with acids to form salts and water, effectively neutralizing the acidity.

Alkaline substances are important in various industries and applications, including agriculture, water treatment, cleaning products, and manufacturing processes. They play a role in maintaining pH balance in soil, adjusting water quality, and controlling chemical reactions.

It's worth noting that while alkaline substances are generally considered safe for common uses, some highly alkaline substances can be corrosive and potentially harmful. As with any chemical, it's important to handle alkaline substances with caution and follow proper safety guidelines.

Which batteries should be selected for low-power devices like a TV remote or a clock? What about for a cordless phone? Is it necessary to opt for zinc batteries or are alkaline cells the better choice? However, what sets these batteries apart? Let's delve into the details.

The primary distinction between zinc batteries and alkaline batteries lies in their respective electrolytes. Zinc batteries predominantly utilize ammonium chloride, whereas alkaline batteries rely on potassium hydroxide. Nevertheless, these technical specifications alone do not provide comprehensive insights into battery usage. Hence, let's closely examine the capacity, advantages, and applications of zinc batteries and alkaline batteries.

Advantages of Alkaline Batteries Alkaline batteries possess a higher energy density and longer shelf life, referring to the duration a battery can be stored without losing capacity. The Alkaline Battery Technology incorporates three distinct advancements resulting from extensive research and development. Firstly, Panasonic Alkaline batteries feature Anti-Leak Protection to safeguard appliances. Leakage typically occurs due to chemical changes and gas generation during battery discharge.

Additionally, these batteries incorporate a specially designed coating inside to minimize contact resistance and enhance reliability. Lastly, the Alkaline cells incorporate an Extra Power Formula, ensuring sustained power delivery for extended periods in high-drain devices.

Applications for Alkaline Batteries Due to their superior energy output, alkaline batteries are recommended for appliances such as toothbrushes, toys, and game controllers.

So, when it comes to selecting batteries for low-power devices, keep in mind that alkaline cells offer greater energy density, longer shelf life, and specific features designed to enhance performance and protect appliances.

What is the difference between alkaline and lithium batteries?

Lithium batteries, as opposed to alkaline, are capable of giving off a strong energy surge after a long period of low discharge. This makes them ideal for fire alarms. Alkaline batteries provide good, long-term power, but they lose strength over time.

Alkaline substances, also known as bases, have a rich historical background in human usage as counterparts to acids. These chemicals find a wide range of applications in homes worldwide, from calcium chloride being utilized as chalk to sodium bicarbonate serving as baking soda, and ammonium hydroxide employed as a cleaning agent.

In terms of pH (potential of hydrogen), acids and bases occupy opposite ends of the spectrum. The pH scale spans from 0 to 14, representing the range from highly acidic battery acid to highly alkaline lye, with a neutral point at 7. Alkaline substances at high pH levels can cause corrosive burns akin to those caused by low-pH acids. In everyday life, humans commonly interact with mild bases, while scientists and manufacturers employ stronger versions of these chemicals in industrial and scientific processes. The taste of alkaline substances is often bitter, and their texture feels slippery to the touch due to the saponification of oils on human skin when they come into contact with a base, giving them a soap-like quality.

Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is one of the most prevalent alkaline substances found in households. It possesses a relatively mild base character, with a pH of 8.3. Baking soda finds extensive use in cooking as an ingredient that lowers the temperature required for the browning reaction. Additionally, it is utilized to alleviate stomach acid discomfort.

Sodium Hydroxide (Lye) Sodium hydroxide, also called lye or soda lye, represents an extreme alkaline substance with a pH nearing 14, the uppermost end of the pH scale. Upon contact with water, it undergoes rapid reactions, leading to a substantial increase in temperature that can even ignite combustible materials under certain circumstances. Due to its corrosive nature, it is uncommon for commercial outlets to sell it in concentrations exceeding 50% in water. Sodium hydroxide finds applications in various industries, including the production of paper, explosives, dyes, soaps, as well as household drain and oven cleaners.

Calcium Carbonate (Limestone) Calcium carbonate, known as limestone when found in nature, possesses a relatively mild alkaline nature and serves numerous purposes for humans. It is commonly used in the form of pills to neutralize stomach acid. In educational settings, it is utilized as chalk by teachers and children. Farmers and ecologists occasionally employ it to counteract excessive acidity in soil and bodies of water, ensuring a suitable environment for life. Limestone constitutes approximately 0.25% of the Earth's crust.

Calcium Hydroxide (Slaked Lime, Cement) Calcium hydroxide, also referred to as slaked lime, is employed by scientists as a pH-regulating compound. However, humans have utilized it for centuries as mortar for bricklaying, a practice that continues to this day. It also finds application in the medical field, specifically as a material for root canal fillings. The production of this inorganic substance involves adding lime to water.

Ammonium Hydroxide (Household Ammonia) Ammonium hydroxide is created by dissolving ammonia gas in water, resulting in a liquid with a high pH and a distinct ammonia odor. It is highly toxic and corrosive, posing a significant risk of fatality or severe injury to human beings. In commercial settings, it is primarily sold as household ammonia and commonly used as a cleaning agent.


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